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Donation adds to Latin hymn fragments: “He himself shall come and shall make us saved.”

02 Saturday Mar 2019

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13th century, abbreviations, Advent, altar, angel, Christ, clefs, climacus, commentary, custos, Emmanuel, Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, fragment, Gregorian, Hebrew, hymn, illuminated, Isaiah, Italy, James Svendsen, Joseph, Latin, Lord, manuscript, Marriott Library, Mary, mass, Matthew, melisma, Middle Ages, neumes, New Testament, New York City, offertory, Old Testament, prophecy, punctum, qualism, readings, rests, Spain, St. Jerome, The University of Utah, transcription, translation, vellum, Vulgate


(ip)se veniet et salvos no-
s faciet. Co. ecce virgo
concipiet et pariet fili-
um et vocabitur no-
men eius hemanuel.
Off(ertoriu)m prope
es tu domine et omnes

He himself shall come and shall
make us saved. Behold a virgin
shall conceive and bear a son
and his name shall be
called Emmanuel. You are near, O Lord, and all

This page made of vellum (prepared calfskin, sheepskin or goatskin) was produced in the late Middle Ages, probably between the 13th and 15th centuries in Italy or Spain. It was purchased in New York City in 1974 for $25 by Professor James Svendsen, who donated it to the University of Utah Marriott Library in 2018. Dr. Svendsen provided the transcription, translation and commentary.

“The texts from the Old Testament are written in the Latin of the 14th c. Vulgate attributed to St. Jerome. They utilize the musical notation of Gregorian Chant with two clefs (fa/do), rests, custos, neumes etc. The most frequent neumes (names of notes sung on a single syllable) are the punctum, melisma, qualism, climacus etc. The five-line staff & custos (the Latin word for “guard” and a small note at the end of a line indicating the next note) are products of 13th century Italy, replacing the earlier four-line staff, and provide a terminus post quem for the manuscript. There are four illuminated letters (E, P, B, O) at the beginning of initial words. The abbreviations CO. (for collectum) and OFFM. (for offertorium) indicate when the hymns would be sung during the mass: the collect before the readings and the offertory when gifts are brought to the altar.

These particular hymns were sung during the mass on the 4th Sunday of Advent and on March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The first two relate the prophecy of Isaiah and thus emphasize the main theme of Advent, a time preparing for the birth of the Christ child, who is called Emmanuel meaning “God with us” in Hebrew. The prophecy in Isaiah 7, 14 is fulfilled in the New Testament when the angel of the Lord appears to Joseph and explains that Mary has conceived and will bear a son (Matthew 1, 21-23).”

We are grateful to Dr. Svenson for this wonderful gift.


Viae tuae veritas
initio cogno-
vi te de testimoniis
tuis quia in eternum tu
es. V(ersus). beati immacula-
ti in via qui ambulant in lege
domini r(esponsum). Osten-
de nobis domine (misericordiam tuam)

your ways are truth.
From the beginning I knew
you from your testimonies
that you are eternal. Blessed are the immaculate
on the way who walk in the law
of the Lord. Show
us, O Lord, (your mercy)…

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Resolution

01 Tuesday Jan 2019

Posted by rarebooks in Uncategorized

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Arabic, Arianism, Athens, birds, Bishop of Nyssa, Byzantine, Caesarea, Cappadocia, Christian, commentary, Constantinople, Coptic, Coptic Cross, Council of Constantinople, courtesy, Dr. Aziz S. Atiya, Eastern Orthodox, Egyptian, friendship, Greek, illumination, kindness, law, love, Lower Armenia, lozenges, manuscript, monastery, monastic rule, monks, Mrs. Lola Atiya, naskh, Nicene, Orthodoxy, polished laid paper, Pontus, St Basil the Great, St. Gregory of Nyssa, translation

“They who sow courtesy reap friendship, and they who plant kindness gather love.” — St Basil the Great

Commentaries
St. Gregory (325?- & St. Basil (329-379)
9th c. AH/15th c. CE

This manuscript, written on polished laid paper, is an Arabic translation from a Greek or Coptic original of writings by St. Basil the Great and St. Gregory of Nyssa. It is written in large naskh script and contains an illumination of the Coptic Cross, surrounded by birds between the texts of the two books of commentary.

Beginning sections of text are marked with red ink for the text, framed by diamond-shaped lozenges in red and black.

Although the manuscript is undated, the motifs and painting style are typical of Egyptian illumination of the early 9th c. AH/15thc. CE.

St. Basil the Great was born in Caesarea, the metropolis of Cappadocia. After he attended school in Constantinople and at Athens he opened an oratory and law practice. Soon afterwards, he established a monastery in Pontus, which he directed for five years. He wrote a monastic rule which would become the longest lasting of those in the Byzantine East, still practiced by monks of the Eastern Orthodox church. St. Basil was one of the giants of the early church. He was responsible for the victory of Nicene orthodoxy over Arianism (which denied the divinity of Christ) and the denunciation of Arianism at the Council of Constantinople in 381/82.

St. Basil’s brother, Gregory became a Christian in his early twenties. Married, he went on to study for the priesthood. He was elected Bishop of Nyssa (in Lower Armenia) in 372.

Gift of Dr. Aziz and Mrs. Lola Atiya.

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Book of the Week — Liber Moamin falconrii de Scientia venandi per aves et quadrupeds

03 Tuesday Oct 2017

Posted by rarebooks in Book of the Week

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al-Gitrif, al-Malik al-K'amil, al-Mutawakkili, Arabic, architecture, aristocracy, art, Baghdad, birds of prey, Bologna, caliph, chamber, Charles V, Christian, crusade, diplomat, diseases, dogs, Europe, excommunication, Faenz, Fakhr ad-d'in al-F'ars'e, falcon, falconer, falconry, feudal, Frederick II, Germans, Germany, Gothic Textura, historiated initials, Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Empire, Hunayn ib Ish aq al-Ibad, hunting, illuminator, imperial, Islamic, Italian, Italy, Jerusalem, Knights of Saint John, Latin, literature, Malta, manual, manuscript, medieval, Mediterranean, miniatures, Moamin, Mongolian Empire, moulting, mouse, Palestine, papacy, parchment, Persian, physician, poetry, science, scribe, Sicily, Siege of Parma, sport, Sufi, sultan, Syrian, Theodore of Antioch, translator, vernacular

fFalconry1r
“In quantum enim sunt reges non habent propriam delectationem nisi venationem” — Moamin

“A wise falcon hides his talons.” — Proverb

Liber Moamin falconrii de Scientia venandi per aves et quadrupeds

Facsimile. The so-called “Wiener Moamin” was created on the Italian penisula in the second half of the 13th century at the request of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, King of Sicily and Jerusalem, king of the Germans and the Holy Roman Empire. It is illuminated with 101 historiated initials and more than 80 miniatures. The Wiener Moamin is a Latin version of an Arabic treatise on falconry, Kitab al-mutawakkili, attributed to one Moamin by the Western world. The original content was probably inspired by two oriental hunting treatises from the 8th and 9th centuries: the falcon book of al-Gitrif and the treatise dedicated to the caliph al-Mutawakkili of Baghdad, a work written by Christian scholar, physician and translator Hunayn ib Ish aq al-Ibad who resided at the court of al-Mutawakkili between 809 and 873. These two works exist only in fragments. As early as this, falconry was embraced as an empirical science as well as a sport.

The work provides an in-depth aspect of hunting with birds and dogs, formatted in five books:

The first book focuses on birds of prey.
Books two and three are devoted to diseases of birds and tried and tested methods of healing.
The last two books deal with the keeping and care of hunting dogs.

Falconry17v
Falconer treats a bird’s headache with massage.

The translation of the Arabic version was done by the philosopher Theodore of Antioch, a Syrian naturalist and interpreter, one of the most prominent cultural representatives of the court of Frederick II. This manual became one of the earliest to circulate in medieval Europe. Several copies survive. Copies translated into the vernacular began to appear soon after the first manual appeared

Frederick II (1194-1250) was a falconer of note and participated in correcting the work in 1240, during the siege of Faenz, near Bologna. A few years after the king worked on this book, he wrote his own on the subject, De arte venandi cum avibus. This manuscript was lost in 1248 during the siege of Parma, but other copies exist. For his work, Frederick II used several sources, including the manuscript here.

Frederick II, a larger-than-life figure, counted himself as a direct successor to the Roman Emperors. He was excommunicated four times during a lifelong power struggle the papacy. He took part in a crusade (the sixth, in 1238) and spoke six languages, including Arabic. He was married three times and had at least nine mistresses, with whom he had illegitimate offspring. He was also an avid patron of art, poetry, literature, and architecture.

Frederick II ruled over most of what is now Italy and Germany as well as territories around the Mediterranean (including Malta and Palestine.) He is recognized as an enlightened ruler over a multi-cultural multitude of people.  Frederick II was an enthusiast of Arabic culture and became acquainted with falconry through personal contacts with representatives of the Islamic world. One of his teachers was Fakhr ad-d’in al-F’ars’e, a Persian Sufi and advisor to sultan al-Malik al-K’amil, who stayed at the Sicilian court as a diplomat. It is probable that he gained firsthand knowledge of Arabic falconry during wars conducted in 1228 through 1229. He obtained a copy of Moamin’s manual on falconry during this time.

Falconry was a popular sport and status symbol among aristocracy in medieval Europe, the Middle East, and the Mongolian Empire. There is some evidence of its use by commoners, although that was likely unusual due to the commitment of time, money, and space. So valuable were falcons that when Charles V ceded Malta as a fief to the Knights of Saint John, the feudal rent was the annual payment of a Maltese falcon. Scholars differ on the origin of falconry. Some speculate that it entered Europe through warring Germanic tribes. The Arab world claims a two thousand year headstart before Frederick II mastered it.

Falconry31v
An elegant lady falconer giving medicine to a sick bird.

The text is laid out in one-column in a uniform script of dark brown ink with red chapter headings. The historiated initials range form 4 to 10 lines in size. The initials offer information along with the text. The initial opening the section on fol. 7v, for instance depicts the mouse chamber of the falcons. During the annual moulting in the late spring, the birds were secluded by the falconer in a specially made chamber.

Falconry7v
Falcon renewing its flying feathers.

The initials are enhanced by flower and leaf forms which spread over the parchment. The painters of the manuscript added decorative interest to scientific text and image.

Marginal notes, written in Italian, give precise instructions to the illuminator, detailing which scenes to paint in the fields of the initials written by the scribe. Written by a single scribe, the script is Gothic Textura, identified by two forms of “r” and sharp, straight, angular lines.

The facsimile is bound in a manner of a time later than the text block — a mid-century fifteenth sample — green patterned velvet covers and two metal clasps. Facsimile edition of three hundred and eighty-one, two hundred and twenty of which are reserved for the Arab Region. Rare Books copy is no. 39.

 

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Virtue and Knowledge

14 Thursday Sep 2017

Posted by rarebooks in Uncategorized

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Alexander the Great Gualterus de Castellione, allegory, battle, Biblioteca Angelica, Boccaccio, Boethius, Bolognese, Bosone da Gubbio, Campaldino, canticle, Canto, Christian, Cicero, Dante Alighieri, destiny, dialect, Europe, exile, facsimile, Florence, gold, Guelphs, hand-treated paper, hell, Holy Trinity, Italian, Jacopo Alighieri, Latin, littera textualis, manuscript, medieval, miniature, paradise, Petrarch, philosopher, poem, poet, purgatory, scribe, soldier, song, tanned leather, tercets, terza rima, The Divine Comedy, Thomas Aquinas, tripartite stanza, Tuscan, vernacular, Virgil

PQ4301-A1-2016-Devil

“Consider your origin. You were not formed to live like brutes but to follow virtue and knowledge.”

La Divina Commedia Angelica
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
Castel Guelfo di Bologna, Italy: Imago la Nobilita del Facsimile, 2016
PQ4301 A1 2016

Facsimile. MS1102 from the Biblioteca Angelica, this late fourteenth century Bolognese codex contains The Divine Comedy, commentary by Jacopo Alighieri and Bosone da Gubbio, and a fragment of a poem written by Alexander the Great Gualterus de Castellione. Each of the Cantos are introduced with a miniature depicting the contents of the song. Thirty-four other miniatures depict scenes from hell in bright colors on a gold background. The manuscript is incomplete. Empty spaces were left for miniatures for the songs of “Paradiso” and “Purgatorio.” It is likely that only one scribe is responsible for the text. The script hand is littera textualis. The facsimile has hand applied gold leaf before each canticle on hand-treated paper. The binding is hand stitched in a naturally tanned leather.

Dante Alighieri, born in Florence, to a notable family but of modest means, was an Italian poet and philosopher. He is best known for the monumental epic poem La divina commedia (The Divine Comedy), a medieval Christian allegory of man’s temporal and eternal destiny. The poet draws on his own experience of exile from his native city, in which he encounters hell, purgatory, and paradise. Along the way, the poet offers analysis of contemporary problems and spiritual wisdom through inventive linguistic imagery. Dante wrote his epic poem in the vivid Italian vernacular, rather than Latin, using primarily a Tuscan dialect which became the literary language in western Europe for centuries. Dante’s use of the vernacular opened his work to an audience broader than the academy.

Dante was classically trained and drew on the works of Virgil, Cicero, Boethius and others for his philosophical thinking. He was also well aware of more contemporary writers such as Thomas Aquinas. A soldier, he fought in the ranks at the battle of Campaldino in 1289 on the side of the Guelphs — a battle instrumental in the reformation of the Florentine constitution.

Dante is credited with inventing terza rima, composed of tercets woven into a linked rhyme scheme. He ended each canto of the The Divine Comedy with a single line that completes the rhyme scheme with the end-word of the second line of the preceding tercet. The tripartite stanza is symbolic with the Holy Trinity. Later Italian poets, including Boccaccio and Petrarch, followed this form.

Facsimile edition of 423 copies, 25 hors de commerce. University of Utah copy is no. 18.

PQ4301-A1-2016-Lion

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DOC/UNDOC — Part 1/6, “Peruse, Inspect, Handle, Consider”

18 Friday Dec 2015

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1552, 1770, 1859, 1885, 1934, 1998, Aristotle, Ars Shamánica Performática, artists' books, Baroque, Bartolomé de las Casas, book artists, books, codex, Codex Espangliensis, Codex Ixtilxochitl, communication, Doc/Undoc, documentation, Emily McVarish, Enlightenment, ethnography, Felicia Rice, fine press, format, Gobierno General, Granary Books, Greco-Roman, Grolier Club, Guillermo Gomez Peña, Hernan Cortés, history, ideas, image, Isabel Dulfano, Jae Jennifer Rossman, Jed Birmingham, Jennifer González, Johanna Drucker, journal, Kathy Walkup, Kyle Schlesinger, language, Latin, Latin America, literary analysis, literary criticism, literature, Luise Poulton, Managing Curator, manuscript, Mimeo Mimeo, Moving Parts Press, multimedia, Nombres Geografico de Mexico, Open Book, parchment, political, printing press, rare books, Rare Books Department, readers, rhetoric, scroll, sequence, Spanish, stone, story, suitcase, text, The Bonefolder, type, University of Utah, Webster's Dictionary, Women's Studio Workshop, writing

During Fall Semester, 2015, University of Utah graduate students in SPAN6900-2 Analyzing Texts: Form and Content visited Rare Books. During the third and final session with Rare Books, the students were introduced to late 20th century/early 21st century fine press and artists’ books. The session ended with the premiere viewing of our copy of DOC/UNDOC Documentado/Undocumented Ars Shamánica Performática, purchased in September. Student response was so strong that managing curator Luise Poulton, in her typical, over-enthusiastic way, exclaimed, “You should post your thoughts on Open Book!” Prof. Isabel Dulfano, in her own enthusiastic way, immediately took up the suggestion and made this a new assignment, right then and there. Bless the beleaguered grad students! Rare Books is pleased to present these responses, one post at a time, beginning with comments from Dr. Dulfano.

Introduction
Isabel Dulfano, Ph.D
Associate Professor of Spanish, The University of Utah

This commentary tells the story of how our class came to view the artist book, DOC/UNDOC Documentado/Undocumented Ars Shamánica Performática (2014, Moving Parts Press) by Guillermo Gomez Peña, Jennifer González and Felicia Rice at the Rare Books Department in the University of Utah’s J. Willard Marriott Library. Our reading of this extraordinary, groundbreaking book object came as the culmination of our interrogation of form and content of literary works during a class called “Analyzing Texts: Form and Content.”

Doc/Undoc photo courtesy of Moving Parts Press

Doc/Undoc photo courtesy of Moving Parts Press

During three library sessions, Luise Poulton, Managing Curator of Rare Books, provided an eclectic sampling of Latin American-themed pieces for the students to peruse, inspect, handle, and consider. Touching and examining a wide variety of books from over a 600-year period turned literary analysis into a visceral as well as intellectual practice. Luise challenged us to think about the history of books, from technological milestones and inventions, to the conceptual remapping and physical reshaping of the concept of book over time.

Webster’s Dictionary defines books as “a handwritten or printed work of fiction or nonfiction, usually on sheets of paper fastened or bound together within covers” as well as a “division of a literary work.” However the artist book transforms a known form of the book, “which once toyed with, interrogated, or in any way manipulated, reveals itself as a complex composition, a work produced, upon reading, by the orchestration of its parts” (Rossman 10). Artists’ books rely on the reader’s operation of the component parts in a continuously generative process, which pushes the limits of what literary analysis may have to take into account in the contemporary world.

The first of three meetings in the Rare Books Classroom began with the hands-on display of original and facsimile copies of classic canonical texts, masterfully printed at the time of inscription and in the distinctive style of the individual printing press. Titles by Bartolomé de las Casas and Hernan Cortés or the Codex Ixtlilxochitl revealed historical and ethnographic information that maintained conventional print production formats and content appropriate to known genres. Acknowledging books as one of the principle forms of documentation used to convey and disseminate ideas, we queried the relationship between the use of a medium (stone, parchment, scroll, codex, manuscript, printed bound book) and its’ content (genre, message, symbols, themes, subject/stylistics) in these celebrated texts.

Entre los remedios q do Fray Bartolome de Las Casas, 1552

Entre los remedios q do Fray Bartolome de Las Casas, 1552

Histoira de Nueva-Espana, 1770

Historia de Nueva-Espana, 1770

The next sessions shifted in time to the late Baroque/Enlightenment period through the late XIXth century, eventually reaching the present-day. A gradual disruption of structure (physical and conceptual) followed this chronological timeline. Older documents were logical in their coherence and assemblage, adhering to what Johanna Drucker identifies as the two fundamental structural elements of a book: finitude and sequence (257). Sequence “participates in the distribution of elements into an organized system where location helps provide access” (258 Drucker). A hybrid book includes language and image (text, type, and format) to tell a story, which challenges conventional notions of sequence. The resulting fragmentation in the articulation of narrative sequence provides an “integral part of its meaning” (Drucker 262).

Gobierno General, 1859

Gobierno General, 1859

Nombres geograficos de Mexico, 1885

Nombres geograficos de Mexico, 1885

Contemporary ouevres may appeal partially to traditional literary print formats by utilizing canonical forms as at least one component, however simultaneously they reject the limitations and conventional parameters implicit in a manuscript. Modern works disavow orthodox arrangement, organization or configuration. Some recent examples even repudiate documentation aligned with the standard regimented form of a bounded print book, and instead experiment with democratizing form and defamiliarization techniques (McVarish, 2008). Many deconstruct authorial privilege, since the reader operates and manipulates the text to produce meaning. As Jae Jennifer Rossman points out “in artist’s books the hallmark of the medium is endowing the physical attributes of the book with part of the message” (86), thereby interleaving form and content inextricably together. The artist book uniquely transmits message through myriad surfaces, spaces, materials, concepts, and sequences.

West Indies, Ltd., 1934

West Indies, Ltd., 1934

Codex Espangliensis, 1998

Codex Espangliensis, 1998

As literary critics and scholars of literature we are engaged in the practice of approaching, analyzing and appraising literature, as well as instructing students to do the same. The act of literary criticism is a technical and esthetic evaluation of the oral and written forms of articulation of narrative sequence, discourse, and message of an author’s perspective on the human condition and spirit. It is based on certain known principles, outlined originally by Greco-Roman intellectuals in the Western tradition. The utilization of the tools of this trade, such as identification of, and interpretation of, structural elements or rhetorical and literary devices has taken place since Aristotle. Literary analysis involves a process of extracting meaning from literature, a word derived from the Latin littera, referring to an esthetic represented in written documents of one type or another. The book manuscript, principal medium used for conveying and disseminating ideas, especially in the Leporello and Concertina style, have served as the predominant Western medium for millennia.

In this class, we were able to witness the evolution of book formats as the concept passed through multiple permutations from scroll and parchment to bounded manuscript to the extreme case of DOC/UNDOC housed in a suitcase, with multimedia such as: “A traveling case for apprentice shamans, A reliquary for imaginary saints, A toolbox for self-transformation, A quiet call to heal yourself with fetishes and antidotes, A border kit to face the uncertainty of future crossings.” In fact, in DOC/UNDOC the abundant mixed media, hybridity of language and image, amalgamation of a hand-written contemporary codex, interactive suitcase with mirrors and paraphernalia, CD, and DVD video of (director, writer, performance artist, activist, and docent) Guillermo Gomez Peña’s Daliesque performance, destabilizes our quotidian understanding of the process of documentation. Many features of Doc/Undoc insist on deviation from the typical privileged form of written, sequenced, and finitely orchestrated communication.

Doc/Undoc -- photo courtesy of Moving Parts Press

Doc/Undoc photo courtesy of Moving Parts Press

In this manner it participates in what The Bonefolder, a journal dedicated to book artists, describes as the constant “challenge of defining art and craft, looking to the past for tradition and forward for new possibilities” (Fox, Krause, & Simmons 2009). As a consequence, the auto-referential title of Doc/Undoc is explored thematically and structurally to demystify the legal, political, literary, and philosophical ramifications of being documented or not having documentation. The outcome of this creation sui generis raises a host of questions about how to read, what reading is, what literature is, identity, genre, legitimate/illegitimacy, forms of documentation, the role of readers, and the mutability of the authorial/director’s hand that remain unresolved.

The history of literature begins with the history of writing. Analysis emerges as individuals start to engage in the interpretation and valuation of literary works. We have analytical tools that enrich and expand our comprehension of the informative, communicative, linguistic, stylistic, and aesthetic components of a literary work. For instance, we can determine the genre of a given oeuvre; or try to discern the author or oeuvres’ intention with respect to art for art’s sake, didactic/instructive ends, or postulation of an engagé committed message. These are rudimentary points of departure in analysis, yet as literature evolves, and documentation itself is brought into question, the entire repertoire of analytic tools will be needed in order to grapple with the changing format, structure and content.

Our interactions, alias sessions in Rare Books, with “books” from pre-conquest Latin America to more modern examples forced the class to think about literary analysis in a whole new manner rarely addressed in standard textbooks. Bringing home the very concrete, tangible aspect of a book, through our physical engagement, incited a distinct appreciation of the knowledge and wonder incarnate in hard copy, electronic, virtual, artists’ books or otherwise. Our task was to unlock their universe by questioning the implications of the form and meaning – the how and what – of their documentation or lack thereof. Coincidentally, DOC/UNDOC invites the reader to participate in a similar kind of intellectual endeavor; the analysis and reading of a provocative revalorization of the act of documentation in the twenty-first century.

20151201_155114

Drucker, Johanna, Granary Books, and Press Collection. The Century of Artists’ Books. 2nd ed. 2004: 257-285. Print.
Fox, A., Krause, D., and Simmons, S.K. (Fall 2009),The Hybrid Book: Intersection and Intermedia,The Bonefinder: An e- Journal For The Book Binder And The Book Artist,Volume 6, Number 1. Retrieved Dec.4, 2015 from http://digilib.syr.edu/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/bonefolder&CISOPTR=76&filename=78.pdf
Gómez-Peña, Guillermo, Rice, Felicia, Vazquez, Gustavo, González, Jennifer A., Watkins, Zachary, and Moving Parts Press, Publisher. DOC/UNDOC : Documentado/Undocumented Ars Shamánica Performática. 2014. Print.
McVarish, Emily. (Autumn 2008). Artist books Mimeo Mimeo No. 2 Jed Birmingham and Kyle Schlesinger
Rossman, Jae Jennifer. 2010. Documentary Evidence: The Aura of Veracity in Artists’ Book. In Walkup, Kathy., and Grolier Club. Hand, Voice & Vision: Artists’ Books from Women’s Studio Workshop 2010. Print.

Coming soon: Response from Sam DeMonja

alluNeedSingleLine

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Book of the Week – The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

08 Monday Sep 2014

Posted by rarebooks in Book of the Week

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advertisements, American, bookstores, British, California, Canada, copyright, England, frontispiece, Hartford, London, manuscript, Mark Twain, piracy, prospectus, royalties, Samuel Clemens, San Francisco, subscription, Tom Sawyer, typewritten, United States, unpublished


The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Hartford, CT: American Pub. Co.; San Francisco, CA: A. Roman, 1876
First American edition, first printing
PS1306-A1-1876

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) wrote three different versions of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer between 1872 and 1875 before it was first published in London in June, 1876.

Many American authors preferred to have their books published first in England, since that was the only way to secure British copyright. First printings in England, and then the United States, usually occurred only a couple of months apart. In the case of Tom Sawyer, the delay was longer, frustrating Twain. Too much of a delay often resulted in piracy, which is exactly what happened in the case of this work. At least one pirated edition surfaced in July in Canada.

Twain believed that the delay and the piracy caused him loss in royalties. Tom Sawyer was reviewed unfavorably in the London Examiner, the day it came out. A July review in the literary magazine, The Atheneaum, was more kindly.

In December 1876, Tom Sawyer was printed in the United States and sold by subscription only. This was a common method of book distribution in the United States during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Book agents would cross the country with a publisher’s prospectus, selling and placing orders for as yet unpublished titles. Once the title was released the books would be delivered directly to subscriber’s homes. Only later editions were available in bookstores.

Tom Sawyer was not an immediate success. The American publisher sold only 24,000 copies in its first year. The pirated edition was not the only reason for poor sales. One book agent in California complained that the story, at only 274 pages, was not long enough. Potential subscribers apparently felt the same way.

Twain typed the manuscript for Tom, and later claimed that it was the first typewritten manuscript. Historians, however, believe that this distinction goes to Twain’s Life on the Mississippi. The frontispiece of the first American edition was drawn by Twain. Publisher’s advertisements, dated Dec. 1, 1876 on two leaves in back.

 

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You are invited – Exhibit and Reception

30 Wednesday Apr 2014

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accordion, Allied Occupation, Catherine Tierney, Chinese, furigana, Japan, Katherine W. Dumke Fine Arts and Architecture Library, Lennox Tierney, manuscript, Marriott Library, orihon, Rare Books Division, Special Collections

PicturingPast

Sponsored by the Katherine W. Dumke Fine Arts and Architecture Library, Picturing the Past: Exploring Past Images of Japan with Professor Lennox Tierney features photographs taken by Professor Emeritus Lennox Tierney while he was stationed in Japan during the Allied Occupation after World War II, and on frequent return visits over the next sixty years. The Lennox and Catherine Tierney Photograph Collection, comprised of more than 500,000 slides and prints, was donated to the Marriott Library’s Special Collections Department.

Thursday, May 15
4:30-6PM
Marriott Library, Level 1

For more information about the collection, please see:
http://www.lib.utah.edu/collections/Professor-Lennox-Tierney-project.php

See also:
Guide to the Lennox Tierney interviews audio-visual collection 1994-1997

and
Inventory of the Lennox Tierney papers 1911-2010

The Rare Books Division holds many books donated by Professor Tierney.

Kumaraju yaku
Japan: publisher not identified, approximately 1760
BQ1993 C5 K86 1760

Manuscript text in Chinese, with Japanese furigana, folded accordion style (orihon). University of Utah copy from the library of Lennox Tierney.


Kumaraju yaku
Shimane-gun: Matsuo Jokyu, Horeki 13, (1764)
BQ2053 J3 K86 1764

Manuscript text in Chinese, folded accordion style (orihon). University of Utah copy from the library of Lennox Tierney.


alluNeedSingleLine

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Brooke Hopkins, In Memoriam

23 Friday Aug 2013

Posted by rarebooks in Donations

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19th century, Alexander Pope, apprentice, Baltimore, Baltimore Sun, Basil Manly, Benjamin Edes, bookselling, Boston, Boston Tea Party, Brooke Hopkins, Cambridge, cartographer, Charles Manly, Childe Harold, cholera, Columbian press, compositor, Daniel Boone, Dante Alighieri, descriptive letterpress, engraved, engraved plates, engraved vignettes, Eton, Europe, Fielding Lucas, Francis Scott Key, George Gordon Byron, Greek, Henry Franci Cary, Henry St. John Bolingbroke, Homer, Horace Walpole, Iliad, initials, James Adams, John Conrad, John Dryden, John Fox, Jon Filson, Jr., Kentucky, law, letterpress, Lord Byron, M. Gustave Dore, Maine, manuscript, maps, Maryland Historical Society, Maryland Institute College of Art, melancholy, Negro suffrage, newspaper, Norwich, Ohio, pamphlets, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Convention, Peter Edes, Philadelphia, Philidelphia Library, Philip H. Nicklin, poetry, print, printer, printing, printing shop, publisher, Raleigh, rare book collections, Rare Books Division, Richard Bentley, Robert Strange, Roman Catholic, Samuel Sands, Sir Thomas Browne, Star Spangled Banner, stationer, Thomas Gray, Tory, typesetting, United States, University of Alabama, University of North Carolina, vignettes, Virgil, War of 1812, Washington Monument, William Fry, Wilmington

The staff of the Rare Books Division extends its heartfelt condolences to the family of Brooke Hopkins. Professor Hopkins was a friend of the rare book collections through his donation of several books, each of which has been used by students for research and the Rare Books staff for lectures, presentations, and exhibitions. We are ever grateful for his generous support. Thank you, Brooke. Memory eternal!

Brooke Hopkins

 

The beings of the mind are not of clay;
Essentially immortal, they create
And multiply in us a brighter ray
And more beloved existence…
–Lord Byron from Childe Harold

 

 

U Mourns Death of Beloved English Professor Brooke Hopkins

PSEUDODOXIA EPIDEMICA
Sir Thomas Browne (1605 – 1682)
London: Printed by R.W. for N. Ekins, at the Gun in Paul’s church-yard, 1658
Third edition, corrected and enlarged by the author

In this famous book, the writer and physician from Norwich demonstrated the absurdity of commonly presumed truths. Among the traditions which Thomas Browne deposed of were the beliefs that “The Elephant hath no joynts, That an Horse hath no Gall, That the Chameleon lives only by Aire, That the Ostridge digesteth Iron; That the forbidden fruit was an Apple; That our Savior never laughed, That a man have one rib lesse than a woman, That there was no Rainbowe before the flood.” University of Utah copy gift of Brooke Hopkins.

Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, 1658
Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, 1658

DESIGNS BY MR. R. BENTLEY FOR SIX POEMS
Thomas Gray (1716-1771)
London: R. Dodsley, 1753
First edition

English poet Thomas Gray was educated at Eton in Cambridge. There he met Horace Walpole, the father of the Gothic novel, and traveled with him throughout Europe. After his return to Cambridge, where he remained for most of his life, Gray lived in seclusion. Much of Gray’s poetry was tinged with melancholy. Richard Bentley (1708-1782), another friend of Walpole’s, created illustrations for several of Gray’s poems. Gray admired the drawings very much. This book contains six engraved plates, thirteen engraved vignettes, and six engraved initials by Muller and Grignon based upon designs by Robert Bentley. University of Utah copy on loan from Brooke Hopkins.

Gray, Designs by Mr. R. Bentley, 1753
Gray, Designs by Mr. R. Bentley, 1753


THE DISCOVERY, SETTLEMENT, AND PRESENT STATE OF KENTUCKE: AND AN ESSAY TOWARDS THE TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THAT IMPORTANT COUNTRY; TO WHICH IS ADDED, AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING, I. THE ADVENTURES OF COL. DANIEL BOON, ONE OF THE FIRST SETTLERS, COMPREHENDING EVERY IMPORTANT OCCURRENCE IN THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF THAT PROVINCE. II. THE MINUTES OF THE PIANKASHAW COUNCIL, HELD AT POST ST. VINCENTS, APRIL 15, 1784. III. AN ACCOUNT OF THE INDIAN NATIONS INHABITING WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES…IV. THE STAGES AND DISTANCES BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA AND THE FALLS OF THE OHIO; FROM PITTSBURGH TO PENSACOLA AND SEVERAL OTHER PLACES. THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY A NEW AND ACCURATE MAP OF KENTUCKE AND THE COUNTRY ADJOINING, DRAWN FROM ACTUAL SURVEYS…
John Filson (ca. 1747-1788)
Wilmington, DE: Printed by James Adams, 1784
First edition

Land speculator John Filson’s early history of Kentucky contained, among other appendices, a narrative of Daniel Boone. Filson was the first American to write about the area. The book was very popular and helped influence the decision of many to migrate to this newly opened land. A tipped-in map is missing in most copies, as it is in this one. The map is so rare that antiquarians began to suspect that there never was one, in spite of reference to it on the title page. However, the Philadelphia Library has a copy with map intact. The map, drawn by Filson, was printed separately in Philadelphia. Filson was killed by Indians of the Ohio. University of Utah copy gift of Brooke Hopkins.

Filson, The Discovery…,1784
Filson, The Discovery…,1784
Filson, The Discovery…,1784


AN ESSAY ON MAN: IN FOUR EPISTLES TO H. ST. JOHN, LORD BOLINGBROKE
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
New York: Printed and sold by Smith & Forman, 1809

Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man, first published in 1733, was a philosophical work consisting of four epistles in couplets and addressed to his friend, Henry St. John Bolingbroke, head of the Tory ministry. University of Utah copy gift of Brooke Hopkins.

Pope, An Essay on Man, 1809
Pope, An Essay on Man, 1809
Pope, An Essay on Man, 1809


THE ILIAD OF HOMER TRANSLATED FROM THE GREEK BY ALEXANDER POPE
Homer
Baltimore: Philip H. Nicklin, 1812

Stationer Philip H. Nicklin (1786-1842) studied law. Due to financial difficulties after the death of his father in 1807, Nicklin began selling books, first in Baltimore then in Philadelphia. After 1827, he confined his bookshop’s inventory to law. He retired in 1839, having earned enough money to live out his life in comfort. He occupied the rest of his short life with writing, mostly about literary copyright. This book, although sold from Baltimore, was printed in Philadelphia by Fry and Kammerer. William Fry (d. 1854) formed a printing partnership with Joseph L. Kammerer in 1806. Fry was a well-respected pressman, compositor and proof-reader. Fry and Kammerer separated in 1810, but renewed their joint printing efforts a year later. In 1814, Kammerer died. Fry was the first to use the newly developed Columbian press, and ordered several of them for his large print shop. Added title-page engraved. University of Utah copy gift of Brooke Hopkins.

Pope, An Essay on Man, 1809
Pope, An Essay on Man, 1809


THE POETICAL WORKS OF LORD BYRON…: CONTAINING ALL HIS POEMS, ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATED, FROM THE LATEST EDITIONS
George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)
Baltimore: B. Edes, 1814

Benjamin Edes, the son and grandson of printers from Maine and Boston, continued the family business in Baltimore, where he worked as job printer and printed the newspaper, The Minerva and Emerald. Benjamin was an officer in the 27th Militia during the War of 1812 and supposedly printed the first version, in the form of handbills, of Francis Scott Key’s poem, “The Star Spangled Banner.” According to one story, the manuscript was taken to Edes’ printing shop, located on the corner of Baltimore and Gay Streets. Edes was on duty with his regiment, so the typesetting and printing was done by his apprentice, Samuel Sands, only twelve years old. Benjamin’s father, Peter Edes, moved from Boston to work for Benjamin, typesetting and keeping account books until 1832. Peter’s wife and Benjamin died that year of cholera. Peter returned to Maine, where he died in 1840. At the time of his death, according to his obituary in the Baltimore Sun, he was the oldest printer in the United States. Benjamin Edes’ grandfather, after whom he was named, participated in the Boston Tea Party. He was the printer of The Boston Gazette and Country Journal. University of Utah copy gift of Brooke Hopkins.

Byron, Poetical Works, 1814
Byron, Poetical Works, 1814
Byron, Poetical Works, 1814


THE WORKS OF VIRGIL TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH VERSE, BY JOHN DRYDEN
Virgil
Baltimore, MD: F. Lucas, Jun., 1814

Fielding Lucas, Jr. (1781-1854) was a prominent publisher and cartographer in the early 19th century. He was especially recognized for his excellently produced maps. Lucas founded his first print shop in 1804 and became the first stationer of the newly formed United States. In 1806, Lucas became a partner in the Philadelphia publisher and bookselling firm, M. & J. Conrad, which focused on schoolbooks, maps, atlases, art instruction, children’s literature and Roman Catholic religious material. Baltimore, in most part because of Lucas, became the major center for Roman Catholic publishing through the beginning of the twentieth century. Lucas was a leader in the effort to raise funds for the Washington Monument. He was a founder of the Maryland Historical Society and the Maryland Institute College of Art. Added engraved title-page printed in Philadelphia by John Conrad. University of Utah copy gift of Brooke Hopkins.

Virgil, Works, 1814
Virgil, Works, 1814
Virgil, Works, 1814


THE POETICAL WORKS OF ALEXANDER POPE: IN THREE VOLUMES COMPLETE, WITH HIS LAST CORRECTIONS, ADDITIONS, AND IMPROVEMENTS, TOGETHER WITH ALL HIS NOTES AS THEY WERE DELIVERED TO THE EDITOR A LITTLE BEFORE HIS DEATH TOGETHER WITH THE COMMENTARY AND NOTES OF MR. WARBURTON
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
Philadelphia: S. A. Bascom, 1819

University of Utah copy gift of Brooke Hopkins.

Pope, Poetical Works, 1819
Pope, Poetical Works, 1819


ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE ALUMNI AND THE SENIOR CLASS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA…
Charles Manly (1795-1871)
Raleigh, NC: Printed by T. Loring, 1838

A collection of miscellaneous pamphlets including, “An address delivered before the two literary societies of the University of North Carolina” by William B. Shepard; “Opinion of John Fox against the exercise of Negro suffrage in Pennsylvania, also, The vote of the members of the Pennsylvania Convention; Address of his excellency Governor Bagby: when inducting into office the president of the University of Alabama, together with The address of the president Rev. Basil Manly; An address delivered before the two literary societies of the University of North Carolina by Robert Strange; and Report of Chas. B. Shae on the drainage of the swamp lands of North Carolina. University of Utah copy gift of Brooke Hopkins.

Manly, An Address…, 1838
Manly, An Address…, 1838
Manly, An Address…, 1838


THE VISION OF HELL
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
London: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, 1866
New edition: with critical and explanatory notes, life of Dante, and chronology

Translated by Henry Franci Cary. Illustrated with the designs of M. Gustave Doré. Each plate accompanied by leaf with descriptive letterpress. University of Utah copy on loan from Brooke Hopkins.

Dante, The Vision of Hell, 1866
Dante, The Vision of Hell, 1866
Dante, The Vision of Hell, 1866

 

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Book of the Week – Sententiarum Libri IV

17 Monday Dec 2012

Posted by rarebooks in Book of the Week

≈ Comments Off on Book of the Week – Sententiarum Libri IV

Tags

Albert Magnus, Anton Koberger, Augsburg, blind-stamped, Boethius, bonventura, initials, manuscript, Peter Lombard, printer, proof sheets, theology, Thomas Aquinas

Senentiarum Libri IV, 1500
Senentiarum Libri IV, 1500
Senentiarum Libri IV, 1500

Sententiarum Libri IV
Petrus Lombardus (ca. 1100-1160)
Nuremberg: A. Koberger, 1500
BX1749 P4 1500

Petrus Lombardus (Peter Lombard) was a Medieval French theologian. He taught at the Cathedral school of Notre Dame and towards the end of his life became Bishop of Rome. Written between 1148 and 1151, Sententiarum is a collection of teachings of the Church Fathers. In it Lombardus recognized the role of reason in theology. Until the sixteenth century it was the official textbook of theology in many universities. Hundreds of scholars wrote commentaries on it, among them Thomas Aquinas, Albert Magnus, and Bonaventura. Despite its great influence, the work itself is unoriginal, but it was among the very first attempts to present Christian theology in a systematized form. This edition was printed by Anton Koberger, a significant early printer. Koberger published more than two hundred editions. Because Sententiarum was used as a textbook, it has no decorative initials or other ornaments. This folio is bound in contemporary calf over oak boards, with blind-stamped panels on the sides. The binding is decorated with a roll depicting a hunting scene. The lining papers consist of proof sheets from Boethius’s De Institutione Arithmetica, printed at Augsburg in 1486. These sheets consist of four pages of the book and include diagrams and tables. The proofs are printed on the back of proofs of another and unidentified book. A manuscript note on the title page suggests that it at once belonged to the monastic library of St. Elizabeth at Brescia.

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